The main way in which Castiglione's view of the responsibilities of a ruling class differed from Machiavelli's is that Machiavelli believed that the results of political decisions should take precedent over the morality of such decisions. In short, that the "ends justified the means".
Answer:
D-Competition among European powers for resources and economic dominance
Explanation:
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Your question is incomplete. There is information that is missing. Furthermore, you forgot to include the drop-down menu of options. Without that information, it is so difficult to answer the question.
However, trying to offer some help, we can comment on the following general terms.
During the British's war with France in the 1800s, the British had to admit they couldn't fight in the Revolutionary War against the colonies in America because they had other battles to fight in Europe against France and its allies. So the English government had to divert money, supplies, and other resources from North America to its battle against the French in what was known as the Bourbon War of 1778 to 1783.
It was a time of so much conflict between the two European superpowers that tried to control trade, positions, and navigation routes in the Mediterranean Sea, the English Channel, and in farther positions in the Indian Ocean.
Out of the three movements, the independence of India was the one that required the least amount of fighting. India achieved its independence in a peaceful manner through the adoption of the ideas of civil disobedience. However, although the process of independence was initially peaceful and led to a straight-forward retreat of the British, its aftermath was more complicated. In the aftermath of independence, India was fragmented into India and Pakistan, with Bangladesh separating from Pakistan later on.
In the case of Latin America, there were several movements that took place at different times. However, several of this were unified thanks to the figure of Simon Bolivar. The conflicts that took place were a lot more violent than those of India. Moreover, fragmentation was also more significant, as these resulted in the creation of several new countries.
Finally, the independence of the United States took place much earlier than these other independence movements. The independence of the Thirteen Colonies was one of the earliest movements for independence to take place. However, it did not lead to the creation of a country. Instead, it led to the creation of a union or a confederacy of several separate colonies, united through some common ties and documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation.