Explanation:
- Duplications involve the production of one or multiple copies of a specified region of the genetic code. <em>e.g. the globulin gene family; several oxygen carrying globin types have evolved over time, α β globins</em>
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms are substitutions which involve a change to one base in a DNA sequence. <em>e.g. sickle cell anemia, a disease caused by a mutation, confers protection against the disease malaria. The base mutation leads to changes in codons; Glu ---> Val </em>
SNPs occur in one nucleotide while duplications may span multiple genes
Further Explanation:
All the genetic information within the eukaryotic cell is stored within the nucleus as helical DNA. This DNA is tightly wound around histones as chromosomes. To produce daughter cells during cell division, the chromosomes (total number of chromosomes (2n)) are copied before the cell splits into two daughter cells. This process is known as mitosis, and occurs in cell division and growth processes. Two new nuclei are formed, along with identical cells. These are the same as the parent cell and the chromosome number (2n) is maintained.
During the process of cell division, spontaneous changes within the genome can arise. These mutations are errors occur when copies of the DNA within the cell are made; mutations may range from small changes called single nucleotide polymorphisms, to large scale deletions, and additions which span multiple genes. There are two types:
- somatic: these only occur within certain cells, and arise from environmental factors such as UV light
- hereditary: occur within germ cells of the parent and later the fertilized egg which forms a zygote; these are present within all cells of the new organism.
The message on DNA, called genes is copied by RNA polymerase, to form mRNA complementary sequence to that of the DNA strand in transcription. These are then translated into proteins in ribosomes. Mutations in DNA sequences affect the corresponding mRNA and thus the protein encoded.
Like other events, such as crossing over during mitosis and meiosis, mutations lead to increases in genetic variation. This variation refers to the genetic characteristics present within a species. Mutations are maintained within cells, as they form new traits called alleles, which may confer adaptations that increase the fitness of a species, along with ensuring survival by conferring a protective advantage.
Learn more about mutations at brainly.com/question/4602376
Learn more about mitosis at brainly.com/question/4303192
Learn more about transcription at brainly.com/question/11339456
Learn more about DNA and RNA at brainly.com/question/2416343?source=aid8411316
#LearnWithBrainly
