Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: enlarging genus Homo. we compare approximately 90 kb of coding DNA nucleotide sequence from 97 human genes to their sequenced chimpanzee counterparts and to available sequenced gorilla, orangutan, and Old World monkey counterparts, and, on a more limited basis, to mouse. The nonsynonymous changes (functionally important), like synonymous changes (functionally much less important), show chimpanzees and humans to be most closely related, sharing 99.4% identity at nonsynonymous sites and 98.4% at synonymous sites. On a time scale, the coding DNA divergencies separate the human-chimpanzee clade from the gorilla clade at between 6 and 7 million years ago and place the most recent common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees at between 5 and 6 million years ago. The evolutionary rate of coding DNA in the catarrhine clade (Old World monkey and ape, including human) is much slower than in the lineage to mouse. Among the genes examined, 30 show evidence of positive selection during descent of catarrhines. Nonsynonymous substitutions by themselves, in this subset of positively selected genes, group humans and chimpanzees closest to each other and have chimpanzees diverge about as much from the common human-chimpanzee ancestor as humans do. This functional DNA evidence supports two previously offered taxonomic proposals: family Hominidae should include all extant apes; and genus Homo should include three extant species and two subgenera, Homo (Homo) sapiens (humankind), Homo (Pan) troglodytes (common chimpanzee), and Homo (Pan) paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee).
The digestive system contains all four major tissue types, epithelial<span>, connective, muscle and nervous. e</span>pithelial<span> tissue lines the entire length the digestive tract. it is made up of many different types of cells, including goblet cells that secrete mucus.</span>
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Diamond is the highest on the hardness scale, while quartz is lower, only a diamond can scratch a diamond
Answer;
The correct answer would be Rr.
In a monohybrid cross, the phenotype ratio of 3:1 is obtained only when both the parents are heterozygous for the trait.
In this condition, the heterozygous genotype would be Rr. The phenotype of both the parents would be round seeds (R) as the round is a dominant trait.
The cross of these parents would produce offspring with three types of genotypes RR, Rr, and rr in ratio 1:2:1.
Thus, the phenotypic ratio would come out to be 3 (round seed):1 (wrinkled seed).
