During the Taiping Rebellion, the peasants rebelled. It was mostly a civil war which killed scores of people (twenty million people approximately). The movement was a millenarian movement (meaning it occurred because of religious ideology). The movement was led by Hong Xiuquan who claimed he was Jesus' younger brother. Hong Xiuquan wanted to instill social reforms such as collective property, equality for women and replacing Confucian, Buddhist, Daoist and Chinese folk religion with Christianity.
The byzantine traded with kiev Russia and they relied heavily on it, also leaders like Vladimir the 1 and Yaroslav brought Byzantine religion to kiev which became the basis for future Russia religion, art and culture.
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The Russians lived under Mongol rule for almost two centuries. During that time, the Mongol system was to place Vassal princes who were expected to pay tribute to the Mongols for the privilege of holding their own kingdom. The result was harsh rule that turned most Russians into serfs and destroyed the Russian economy, most importantly in regard to trade. Effects include halting Russia's technical development and relationships with other nations </span>Under the rule of vassal princes, the Russians were cut off from Europe and turned more toward the east in culture. The Russian language picked up words such as амбар, barn, and базар, bazaar from the Turkic languages. The architecture of St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square has distinct Mongol and Eastern Styles. The dome shapes and use of tile may have been inspired by Kazan and the East.
Two hundred years of Mongol occupation in Russia influenced the development of Russian culture and economics.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and collapse of Soviet Russia's controlled economy, a new Russian Federation was created under Boris Yeltsin in 1991. The Russian Federation had multiple economic reforms, including privatization and market and trade liberalization because of collapse of communism.
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