The primary value that the Mandate of Heaven places upon humanity is that a certain ruler (usually a King or Queen) was divinely chosen for that position, meaning that they authority comes directly from God.
B.) Sicily because Athens had a powerful navy and it was op and Sparta is just know to be powerful Corinth in the Punic wars was powerful.
The austro-hungarian, russian, german and ottoman empires came to an end as a result of world war I