The correct answer is letter C.
Bryophytes have biflagellate gametes and cuticle. The cuticle serves as the covering of the soft tissue of the plant which provides protection and prevents damages on the walls of the plants. The biflagellate gametes develop also as a form of protection as well. These plants have an aquatic ancestry because of their dependence on water for reproduction and survival.
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Answer: ionotropic; metabotropic
Explanation:
A receptor can directly open the channel and exerts an ionotropic effect. The ionotropic effect takes place by the help of ionotropic receptors. These receptors are membrane bound receptor proteins which responds by the bonding of the ligand.
Due to ligand binding the channel opens and allows the movement of ions into the cells which helps in either increasing or decreasing the action potential.
The receptors can also bind to the ligand and produce metabotropic effect which means by the second messenger.
The intermediate disturbance hypothesis predicts that species diversity will be highest when the frequency and/or intensity of disturbances are intermediate
Explanation:
The diversity of the species is maximised at an intermediate near of anthropogenic as well as natural disturbances. As the competitively inferior disturbances are being tolerated for species disturbance and are termed to be dominant. Co exist of the sensitive species when the disturbance are either frequent or rare, which possess the reduced level of the disturbances. the productivity is predicted as very less due to competitive exclusion. As the disturbances increases productivity becomes less as most of them unable to sustain the regular destructive occurrence. So with the intermediate disturbances productivity is high as the rapid colonizers and dominant competitors are able to coexist.
