Both chicken pox and shingles are caused by varicella zoster.
Explanation:
Shingles and chicken pox both occurs by the attack of the virus, varicella zoster.
Cause: - The chicken pox spreads through the infectious elements in a person’s cough, sneeze and breathing. The shingles occur when this virus gets reactivated.
Portal entry: - Chicken pox virus enters through the tract of respiration and shingles enter from a person who already have it.
Signs & Symptoms: - Pox includes- fever, blister like itchy rash and shingles include- blister rash which has a distribution that is like a band.
Incubation period: - Pox can stay for a minimum of 15 days approximately and shingles too last for few weeks.
Treatment and prevention: - Both include treatment of antiviral and both can be prevented by avoiding infected people and increasing body immunity etc.
Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html
Answer:
The youngest crust (shown in red) is near mid ocean ridges and spreading zones. All three rock types in the earth's crust—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—can also be recycled back to their original molten magma form. This process occurs when oceanic crust is pushed back into the mantle at subduction zones.