Question

Consider the titration of a 73.9 mL sample of 0.13 M HC2H3O2 with 6.978 M NaOH. Ka(HC2H3O2) = 1.8x10-5 Determine the initial pH before any NaOH is added. Express your answer using two decimal places.
Consider the titration of a 46.6 mL sample of 0.078 M HC2H3O2 with 1.135 M NaOH. Ka(HC2H3O2) = 1.8x10-5 Determine the volume of added base required to reach the equivalence point. Answer in units of milliliters.

Consider the titration of a 17.2 mL sample of 0.128 M HC2H3O2 with 0.155 M NaOH. Ka(HC2H3O2) = 1.8x10-5 Determine the pH at 0.46 mL of added base.

Answer 1

Answer:

1. pH = 2,82

2. 3,20mL of 1,135M NaOH

3. pH = 3,25

Explanation:

The buffer of acetic acid (HC₂H₃O₂) is:

HC₂H₃O₂ ⇄ H⁺ + C₂H₃O₂⁻

The reaction of HC₂H₃O₂ with NaOH produce:

HC₂H₃O₂ + NaOH → C₂H₃O₂⁻ + Na⁺ + H₂O

And ka is defined as:

ka = [H⁺] [C₂H₃O₂⁻] / [HC₂H₃O₂] = 1,8x10⁻⁵ (1)

1. When in the solution you have just 0,13M HC₂H₃O₂ the concentrations in equilibrium will be:

[H⁺] = x

[C₂H₃O₂⁻] = x

[HC₂H₃O₂] = 0,13 - x

Replacing in (1)

[x] [x] / [0,13-x] = 1,8x10⁻⁵

x² = 2,34x10⁻⁶ - 1,8x10⁻⁵x

x² - 2,34x10⁻⁶ + 1,8x10⁻⁵x  = 0

Solving for x:

x = - 0,0015 (Wrong answer, there is no negative concentrations)

x = 0,0015

As [H⁺] = x = 0,0015 and pH is -log [H⁺], pH of the solution is 2,82

2. The equivalence point is reached when moles of HC₂H₃O₂ are equal to moles of NaOH. Moles of HC₂H₃O₂ are:

0,0466L × (0,078mol / L) = 3,63x10⁻³ moles of HC₂H₃O₂

In a 1,135M NaOH, these moles are reached with the addition of:

3,63x10⁻³ moles × (L / 1,135mol) = 3,20x10⁻³L = 3,20mL of 1,135M NaOH

3. The initial moles of HC₂H₃O₂ are:

0,0172L × (0,128mol / L) = 2,20x10⁻³ moles of HC₂H₃O₂

As the addition of NaOH spent HC₂H₃O₂ producing C₂H₃O₂⁻. Moles of C₂H₃O₂⁻ are equal to moles of NaOH and moles of HC₂H₃O₂ are initial moles - moles of NaOH. That means:

0,46x10⁻³L NaOH × (0,155mol / L) = 7,13x10⁻⁵ moles of NaOH ≡ moles of C₂H₃O₂⁻

Final moles of HC₂H₃O₂ are:

2,20x10⁻³ - 7,13x10⁻⁵ = 2,2187x10⁻³ moles of HC₂H₃O₂

Using Henderson-Hasselbalch formula:

pH = pka + log₁₀ [C₂H₃O₂⁻] / [HC₂H₃O₂]

Where pka is -log ka = 4,74. Replacing:

pH = 4,74 + log₁₀ [7,13x10⁻⁵] / [2,2187x10⁻³ ]

pH = 3,25

I hope it helps!