Most of the immediate effects were the end of Slavery, but this was superseded with Sharecroppers. Sharecropper’s were freed African-American’s who rented land from a old plantation owner, and the Owner got a share of the crops. This system kept African-American’s in poverty, not really improving their situation by much. Another was the Union Army during reconstruction garrisoning the old south. A little later, during the Spanish-American war, Confederates were allowed to join into the U.S. Army.
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The Olmec civilization is considered the earliest mesoamerican empire.
They were given a pardon.
As a candidate, Carter himself had said he advocated "pardon" -- a term he preferred over "amnesty." He said, "Amnesty means that what you did was right. Pardon means that
what you did, whether it's right or wrong, you are forgiven
for it. And I do advocate a pardon for draft evaders. ... Now is the time to heal our country after the Vietnam war. ... I hope to bring about an end to the divisiveness that has occurred in our country as a result of the Vietnam war."
On his second day in office, President Carter in fact did pardon draft dodgers. This applied only to civilians who evaded the draft. It did not apply to active duty military personnel who went absent without leave (AWOL) or deserted their units during the war.
