The genetic material inherited in an organelle, such as a mitochondrion or a chloroplast, exhibits Extranuclear inheritance.
When DNA in cytoplasmic organelles is handed on to offspring, extranuclear inheritance occurs. Cytoplasm can be found in both sperm and ovum cells in humans. Most of the extranuclear DNA formed when the sperm and ovum combine belongs to the mother. The organelles in the fertilized cell expand and divide as the fertilized egg grows. As a result, each new cell receives mtDNA, which likewise divides and is passed on. As a result, each child inherits mtDNA from the mother. The identical procedure takes place in creatures with cells that contain chloroplasts.
Nuclear DNA differs greatly from extranuclear inheritance in several ways.
- Chloroplasts and mitochondria both store several copies of DNA. Additionally, the cytoplasm of every cell contains a number of each organelle, occasionally thousands.
- In a cell's cytoplasm, chloroplasts and mitochondria are dispersed at random. There is a random distribution of amount in both daughter cells after cell division, whether it be through mitosis or meiosis.
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Active transport
requires energy. This is because it is going against the natural process of diffusion. Substances diffuse when their net movement is down the concentration gradient (from higher concentration to lower). Active transport is movement from lower concentration to higher. Cytosis (phagocytosis , pinocytosis) also requires energy.
Decreased pH would increase the amount of oxygen unloaded by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues.
<h3>What is hemoglobin?</h3>
- The iron-containing oxygen-transporting metalloprotein known as hemoglobin.
- The abbreviations Hb or Hgb, is found in the red blood cells of almost all vertebrates as well as some invertebrate organs.
- The oxygen from the respiratory organs is transported to the rest of the body by hemoglobin in the blood.
- Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by low hemoglobin that is brought on by low iron levels.
- Low hemoglobin is most frequently caused by a diet that is inadequate in iron.
- Low hemoglobin levels can cause headaches, exhaustion, and pale complexion.
- Surgery, iron therapy, and iron supplementation are all options for treating low hemoglobin.
- Red blood cells include the protein hemoglobin, which transports oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and carbon dioxide from those tissues back to your lungs.
- A low red blood cell count if a hemoglobin test finds that your hemoglobin level is lower than normal (anemia).
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