Answer:
The transgene could be silenced by: 1- epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, etc.), and 2-the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway
Explanation:
Epigenetics refers to the heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms include 1-DNA methylation on cytosine residues, and 2-modifications on amino acids in the tails of histone proteins (e.g., methylation, acetylation, ribosylation, phosphorylation, etc). These two epigenetic mechanisms can modify DNA structure and thus alter the accessibility of transcription factors, thereby suppressing gene/transgene expression. Moreover, the RNA interference pathway (RNAi) is a naturally occurring mechanism capable of suppressing gene/transgene expression both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The RNAi mechanism is triggered by regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as, among others, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, piRNAs, siRNAs, etc). In this case, for example, DNA methylation on promoter sequences could suppress transgene expression, thereby methods to measure DNA methylation can be used to test this possibility (e.g., bisulfite genomic sequencing). Moreover, miRNAs that bind to the messenger RNA of the transgene could also inhibit its expression by triggering the RNAi pathway (e.g., mRNA degradation), thereby methods to measure mRNA levels can be used to test this possibility (e.g., RT-PCR).
Answer: from east to west
Explanation:
I believe it's because most basements are not insulated casing it to be cool and due to rain that is what causes it to become damp .
Answer:
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei gambiense, the ... TLF present in human serum (TLF1 and TLF2) provide innate resistance ... where the parasites are present and it disappears after 2 or 3 weeks. ... to adapt themselves.
A positive D-dimer result may indicate the presence of an abnormally high level of fibrin degradation products. It indicates that there may be significant blood clot (thrombus) formation and breakdown in the body, but it does not tell the location or cause. For example, it may be due to a venous thromboembolism (VTE) or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)<span>. Typically, the D-dimer level is very elevated in DIC.</span>