Variation is number of alleles for the wing color of the peppered moths. The wing color ranges from pure white to pure back.
Selection pressure is predation by birds.
Explanation:
In the wake of the industrial revolution, white-winged peppered moths had a large allelic frequency in the population compared to black-winged peppered moths. However, when the environment changed due to soot produced by industries (making the environment darker) white-winged peppered moths reduced while that of black moths increased.
This is because black moths were able to blend in and camouflage in the dark environment than white-winged peppered moths that stood out to their predators. Black moths, therefore, had an increased chance of reaching adulthood and passing their genes to the next generation. This increased the allelic frequency of black-winged peppered while that of white-winged moths reduced in the population.
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Answer:
The half-life of a substance is the amount of time it takes for half of that substance to decay. However, after two half-lives, half of the half remaining will decay, leaving you with one quarter of the original substance.
So, after 1 million years you will have 50% of the original substance remaining.
And, after 2 million years you will have 25% of the original substance remaining.
After 3 million years you will have 12.5% of the original substance remaining.
And after 4 million years you will have 6.25% of the original substance remaining.
Explanation:
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Answer:
When starfish were removed from their environment, the species richness of that area went down. This was because the starfish ate the mussels, and when the starfish were removed, the mussels became abundant and preyed on many of the other species.
This experiment showed that the starfish were a keystone species. A keystone species is a species that has a low biomass but a large impact on the community they are living in.
The correct statements are:
1. The framework of a membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids with their hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment inside and outside of the cell and their hydrophobic tails clustered in the center.
2. The diverse proteins found in and attached to membranes perform many important functions.
5. Because membranes are fluid, membrane proteins and phospholipids can drift about in the membrane.
