What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Biology

1 answer:

Lunna [17]3 years ago

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Answer:

D -- ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate with high phosphoryl transfer potential

Explanation:

Substrate- level phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP by the transfer of phosphoryl group from a substrate with high phosphoryl group potential to the ADP molecule.

In substrate-level phosphorylation, the donor is a phosphorylated intermediate molecule with a high phosphate transfer potential and it is a way through which phosphate in introduced into a molecule, the other two ways are oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. In substrate-level phosphorylation, a PO4^2- is transferred from a phosphate intermediate (substrate) to ADP to form ATP. Phosphorylase and kinases are enzymes involved in this reaction. An example is the reaction in glycolysis which involves phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to form Pyruvate and ATP. This is to ensure adequate supply of energy to cells and also during anoxia so as not to make mitochodria strain the glycolytic ATP reserves.

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the saclike shape of lipocytes allowing them to store more fat is an example of The following them in biology structure to the f

valkas [14]

Explanation:

This is an example of relating structure to function.

Cells sharing a similar origin, group together in the body to form tissues; these typically share physical features and are arranged in regular patterns cells within the human body can generally be placed into four groups:

epithelial which refers to sheets of cells covering exterior surfaces and internal organs;
connective tissue which functions to bind cells and organs together while protecting, supporting and integrating different regions.
muscle tissue which responds to simulation, allowing for movement and locomotion;
nervous tissue which responds to electrical impulses, allowing for communication between different regions of the body

Connective tissue are usually spread out in a formation called a matrix. The matrix contains lots of extracellular components which are made by cells within connective tissue; it mainly consists of a fluid ground substance which interwoven with fibers of protein. Connective tissues mainly contain cells, the ground substance and protein fibers; each of these are present in varying amounts related to the structure and function of the tissue

It is further classified in to loose and dense tissue types which exists in multiple variations; in the loose tissue, fibers are aggregated loosely without a regular arrangement and often contains large spaces. Additionally connected tissue also contains cell types like fibroblasts. The loose tissue types, like adipose act as shock-absorbers and allow water, nutrients and salts to diffuse throughout the tissue to nearby tissue and cells.

Lipid droplets found in lipocytes, are organelles made up of a core of hydrophobic lipids. This is encased in a single layer of phospholipids which arrange themselves tightly and efficiently in a ball, with their hydrophilic heads facing outwards; while their hydrophobic tails face inwards. The phospholipid monolayer may also contain embedded proteins that at as special signals for recognition.

In lipocytes, one of these droplets may take up the intracellular space (white adipose) with the nucleus pushed to one side of the spherical cell- the cell takes the shape of the droplet, which allows storage maximization. They make up a type of loosely aggregated connective tissue, called adipose tissue,which function in cell signalling, as energy storage, and insulation.

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

Learn more about tissue types at brainly.com/question/8487952

Learn more about homeostasis at brainly.com/question/1601808

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