Opium wars were wars between China and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland over the right to trade in China.
So, technically, the correct answer is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, but I guess, "England", which was part of is is also a good answer.
The Irish immigration back then was mainly because of the potato famine issue.
Answer: Flowing rivers have caused boulders and rocks to become smooth. The water rushing against them rounds out the pointed edges.
Too many government regulations but I am not sure on the second answer