This patient both has left-sided heart failure and right-sided heart failure. In left-sided heart failure, this patient exhibits increasing shortness of breath on exertion as well as three pillow orthopnea which indicates pulmonary congestion. This is because of pooling of blood in the pulmonary circulation. Bipedal edema, in this patient is a grade 2 bipedal edema, reflect right-sided heart failure as there is pooling of blood in the systemic circulation, causing transudation in the most dependent areas of the body.
The answer from my knowledge would be B.
Answer:
The given statement is true.
Explanation:
Alpha- defensins belong to the family of mammalian defensin peptides that belong to the alpha sub family. Defensins are anti-microbial molecules . They work against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses. Alpha- defensins functions by attacking the intraluminal bacteria and fungal pathogens.
Reactive oxygen species are very reactive chemicals formed from oxygen. These are anti-microbial molecules. Reactive oxygen species are antimicrobial against Gram-positive and Gram -negative bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Learn more about defensins here:
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Answer:
Book lungs
Explanation:
The horse shoe crab has a hard outer surface carapace which has the shape of a horse shoe.
It has book lungs which come in 5 sets. The lungs are usually found on the ventral side of the crab.
The book lungs acts as gills which is used in breathing when the horseshoe crab is in water . The book lungs also helps the crab to breathe on land for a certain period of time provided the lungs are moist.