The answer is D. India developed and maintained a securely centralized and powerful empire that lasted for centuries.
In reality the [peace] policy rested on the belief that Americans had the right to dispossess Native peoples of their lands, take away freedoms, and send them to reservations, where missionaries would teach them how to farm, read and write, wear Euro-American clothing, and embrace Christianity. If Indians refused to move to reservations, they would be forced off their homelands by soldiers.
First Barbary War is the andwer
I think the answer is Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II