Base on the questions, the possible answers to you following questions, base on my research and further investigation, would be the following:
#1 <span> D. cruel and unusual punishment.</span>
#2 <span>D. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.
I hope you are satisfied with my answer and feel free to ask for more if you have question and further clarification</span>
Supremacy clause
It establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land. It assures that the Constitution and federal laws and treaties take precedence over state law
Answer:
B. levellers
Explanation:
The Levellers were a political movement during the English Civil War (1642–51) committed to popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law and religious tolerance.