Skins cell reproduce more because let’s say for example you get hurt and the skin falls off in order to protect you it grows back immediately
I cannot found the exercise anywhere, so I will just explain how the toxin works.
A toxin is a toxic substance made by a living organism such as a bacterium, a fungus, a plant or an animal.
Labil toxins are toxins which are by easily degraded. among these toxins, there is the toxin of Escherichia coli and the cholera toxin of <span>Vibrio cholerea.
</span>
The intracellular target of cholera toxin is adenylate cyclase, one of the most important eukaryotic cell regulatory systems. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of ATP into a cyclic AMP (cAMP), a crucial intracellular messenger in a wide variety of cellular processes.
Cholera toxin catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) to a specific arginine residue of the Gsa protein, resulting in the activation of adenylate cyclase and consequently the increase of the intracellular level cAMP. AMPc activates a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which leads to phosphorylation of the protein, modification of ion transport and finally diarrhea.
Answer: c. signal amplification
Explanation:
The uncoupling of the G-protein and inhibiting of the signal amplification are the two affects of the pertusis toxin. It is released by the bacteria called <em>Bordetella pertusis. </em>The G-proteins are affected by the action of pertusis toxin. The production to the excess level of cAMP due to the conversion of ATP into cAMP the ribosylation of the ADP molecules occurs due to pertusis toxin. This leads to the damage of G-proteins.
The loss of the hydrogen on one molecule produces a negative charge, which is attracted to the positive charge formed by the loss of the hydroxy group from the other molecule.
This is an example of microevolution.
Microevolution represents a small change in the genetic structure of the population. These changes manifest through the change in the allele frequencies of genes like in the case of dung beetles.
The causes of microevolution are evolutionary mechanisms, natural selection, genetic drift, mutations and gene flow.
