Answer: the Alps and the Apennines,
Two mountain ranges, the Alps and the Apennines, helped to protect Rome from invasion. The Apennines divide the Italian peninsula in half and, according to SPQR Online, allowed the Romans to mass forces for counter-attack whenever they were threatened.
Answer:
Correct answers is: B. the Byzantine Empire asked for assistance defending against the Turks.
Explanation:
Option A is correct is not correct answer because Crusaders were financing themselves during their conquests.
Option B is correct because Byzantine Empire asked for the assistance in the fight against Seljuks. Still, on the other side, Church used this opportunity to strengthen its role in the Christian world.
Option C is not correct as the Church had no problem with non-Christians, as Christianity was a dominant religion in Europe.
D is also not correct as Christianity profoundly detest the war and violence.
<span>The first large silver coins were minted in 1690 after the Polish coin isolette or zolota which was imported in large quantities by Dutch merchants during the seventeenth century. These coins were about one third smaller than the Dutch thalers.[1]</span> Their weight was fixed in standard dirhams (3,20 grams) and they contained 60 percent silver and 40 percent copper. The largest of these weighed 6 dirhams, or approximately 19.2 grams. Later, in 1703, an even larger coin weighing approximately 8 dirhams, or 25-26 grams and its fractions were also minted. <span>It appears that the first large coin of 1690 was intended as a zolota or cedid (new) zolota to distinguish it from the popular Polish coin and not as a gurush or piaster.[2]</span> Only after larger silver coins began to be minted in the early decades of the eighteenth century, was the new monetary scale clearly established. The new Ottoman gurush was then fixed at 120 akches or 40 paras. The early gurushes weighed six and a quarter dirhams (20.0 grams) and contained close to 60 percent silver. The zolotas were valued at three fourths of the gurush or at 90 akches. <span>The fractions of both the gurush and zolota were then minted accordingly.[3]</span> Due to wars and continuing political turmoil, however, many coins were minted with sub-standard silver content until the monetary reform of 1715-16. The appearance of sub-standard coinage attracted large numbers of counterfeiters until the 1720s.
Can you please include the following arguments? Thanks!
