Answer: Codon
Explanation:
Codon refers to nucleotide triplets of mRNA that serve to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins. There are total 64 genetic code that specify 20 standard amino acids found in proteins. All codon together make genetic code. For example: AUG is codon that specify amino acid "methionine". AUG codon also serve as initiation codon during initiation of protein synthesis.
In a eukaryotic cell<span>, </span>transcription occurs<span> in the nucleus, and translation </span>occurs<span> in the cytoplasm.</span>
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.
Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.
Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.
Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.

A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov
Structure of DNA polymerase
The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.
A function of the cell structure that it provides support to labeled x .
What is the function of cell?
- They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks.
- Additionally, cells have the ability to replicate themselves and contain the body's genetic material.
- Each component of a cell has a different purpose.
What is cell structure and function?
- Cell architecture - Individual parts of the cell structure each have a specific purpose that is necessary to carry out life's processes.
- Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles are some of these elements.
- Continue reading to learn more about the composition and operation of cells.
3 Major Functions of a Cell -
- Energy Generation.- Living cells exist in a perpetually active biological state. .
- Molecular Transport - Each cell is surrounded by a membrane that delineates its boundaries and acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
- Reproduction.
Learn more about cell structure
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