Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
Breathing in air pollutants can irritate your airways. It may cause shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, asthma episodes and chest pain. Overtime, exposure to air pollution puts you at risk for lung cancer, heart attack/strokes, etc. Some people are more at risks from others though
Answer:
1. Iterative homology: e.g. antenna and leg of fiddler crab
2. Ontogenetic homology: e.g. radular teeth of veliger, feathers of chicken and hen
3. Di-polymorphic homology: e.g. white and brown feathers of hen races, chelae of male and female of fiddler crabs
4. Supraspecific: e.g. chelae of fiddler crab, chelae of lobster, feathers of hen and pheasant
Explanation:
It would be A. Iron & Nickel.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
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