Bacterial cells have the capability of incorporating foreign naked DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid fragments from the environment or the exterior of the cell to the interior of the cell. This process is known as Transformation.
The bacterial cells which are able to undergo transformation are called Competent bacterial cells.
Some of the bacterial cells are naturally competent like<em> Bacillus subtilis, Streptocossus pneumoniae</em> while others like <em>Escherishia coli </em>need to be chemically treated to make them artificially competent.
In natural competence, the foreign DNA from the cell exterior is incorporated into the cell interior through specific protein complexes present in the plasma membrane of the bacterial cells.
In artificial competence, the negative charge on foreign DNA is masked by positively charged calcium ions (so that it is not repelled by the negative charge of the lipid bilayer of the bacterial cell plasma membrane) and then small pores are created in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the bacterial cells by giving a heat shock to the cells. This results in the uptake of the DNA by the bacterial cells.

3 0

3 years ago

Starting with the sun , what energy transformations take place when cows graze in a meadow

weeeeeb [17]

Chicken nuggets in the buckets energy

7 0

3 years ago

Which organic compound produced during photosynthesis is used by plants to store energy?

Digiron [165]

Answer;

glucose

Explanation:

glucose is a by-product of photosynthesis. Green plants contain chlorophyl that traps light energy that is used to manufacture food for plants(glucose). the organic compound contains stored energy in form of ATP(Adenosine Tri-Phosphate)

6 0

3 years ago

Why adaptation is important for living beings

nataly862011 [7]

Answer:

Adaption is needed for a living thing to strive in a system, its how they survive.

Explanation:

Adaptation is needed to survive. This includes climate, predators around it etc. For example polar bears. Polar bears adapt to their environment by growing thick coats of fur. These coats keep the bears warm.Without it they would die.

4 0

3 years ago