The Federalists believed that Democratic-Republican criticism of Federalist policies was disloyal and feared that aliens living in the United States would sympathize with the French during a war. As a result, a Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws, known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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The result was the 12th Amendment, approved in Congress on December 9, 1803, and ratified on June 15, 1804, in time for the new process to be in place for the 1804 election, With the 12th, Electors are directed to vote for a President and for a Vice President rather than for two choices for President.