Answer:
Option (a), (b) and (c).
Explanation:
Glycolysis may be defined as the process of break down of glucose to generate ATP. Gluconeogenesis may be defined as the generation of glucose from the other carbohydrate source. These two process are not reverse of each other exactly.
The ATP level will determine which pathway is activated. The substrate cycles are used in both guconeogenesis and glycolysis pathway. All the enzymes are not exactly similar and the body's biological condition determines the pathway activation and inhibition.
Thus, the correct options are (a), (b) and (c).
Answer:
The correct answer is - scanning electron microscope.
Explanation:
SEM or a scanning electron microscope is that produces an image by an electron beam over the sample surface to scan. The electrons of the beam interact with the sample producing various signals that allow providing information about the composition and topography of the individual sample. The magnification of the SEM is in between 20X to 30000X
Thus, the correct answer is - scanning electron microscope.
1. Explain why neither cyclins nor kinases alone can cause a cell to progress through the cell cycle.
As cyclin accumulates, it activates their kinases that turn on the pathway to mitotic spindle formation, and so on.
2. How do controls of the cell cycle protect multi-cellular organisms from accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells?
The checkpoint control is responsible for multi-cellular organisms for not accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells. Checkpoint controls consist of proteins that detect mistakes and damage and quickly halt the cell cycle until repairs are made. When this occurs, the cell is said to be in cell-cycle <span>arrest.
</span>3. What is the difference between a cancerous tumor and metastasis?
Cancer is cause by mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can lead to uncontrolled growth. Cancer is when there is uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction. Metastasis is caused by tumors when they grow and interfere with the surrounding tissue or cells and break off and spread around the body. Cancerous tumors cause metastasis, and tumors are caused by mutations in genes that lead to uncontrolled growth.
4. What are the functions of tumor-suppressor genes and protoncogenes in noncancerous cells?
The genes that encode the checkpoint proteins are called tumor suppressors because they suppress the development of cells into tumors. If mutations inactivate these genes, the cell-cycle break is removed with or without a signal from the outside. Proto-oncogene’s are involved in promoting cell division, mutations can cause them to become oncogenes, or cancer genes which stimulate cells to leave G0 and divide whether or not it is a signal.
Answer:
The correct answer is: None of the above. The accurate answer is: Problem or inability in detecting the sensory information.
Explanation:
- Sensory receptor cells form the part of the sensory epithelial layer that are present in the form of a lining in all sensory organs.
- These sensory cells possess some specialised receptor molecules, usually on the surface of the cells, that can sense different types of sensory signals like light, in case of eyes, smell is case of nose, taste in case of tongue and sound in case of ears.
- Any damage caused to these cells will adversely affect their capability to perceive or receive or detect the sensory signals.
- Option I is incorrect because sensory cells are not only present in the eyes and ears but also in nose, tongue, skin. The activity of the sensory cells of one organ is independent of the activity of sensory cells of other organs hence, damage to the sensory cells of one organ will not create any confusion in different sensory inputs.
- Option II is incorrect because integration of all the sensory impulses occur in the brain after the impulse has been received and detected by multiple sensory receptor cells and send to the brain through the sensory neurons.
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