Answer:
d. pxp +2pq
Explanation:
The formula for genotype frequency for a population in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium is as under:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where, p = dominant allele
q = recessive allele
Here,
p² represents frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq represents frequency of heterozygous genotype
q² represents frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
Also, although the genotypes p² & 2pq are different from each other yet phenotypically they both will collectively produce dominant trait i.e. free ear lobes not attached earlobes. So the term "p² + 2pq or pxp + 2pq" represents the frequency of the individuals who show the dominant phenotype in this particular population. Dominant phenotype will comprise 75% of the population.
Answer:
The fossil record shows that early species of horses were generally small in size, but many lineages since about 30 million years ago exhibit substantial change toward an increase in size.
Explanation:
It was demonstrated that variation in size as well as in diet during the last millions of years, were consequences of different climatic and geographic changes.
The fragmentation of horses´ populations was associated with habitat heterogeneity and to a new tendency for colonizing new areas that were not accessible before that time.
When great plains with grasslands appeared, horses moved to these new areas, reproduced, and got bigger and taller with time. The new species became even bigger. They evolved from small mammals that fed on shrubs in the forests, to the big current horses that graze on the open plains.
Helium could hold 2 neutrons in its nucleus.
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