This is a complex question that I cannot really explain easily. I can give you some hints though.
It is difficult to say Machiavelli was right or wrong with what he was saying. We have to put his words into the context of Italy, Europe in those times which lead him to say what he did. Had he lived today, chances are he would say something else. Or not.
Furthermore, I wouldn't say we can always expect our political leaders to be virtuous and effective (although this would be great) but it often happens that through cunning and strategy some get to top positions and aren't really suitable for them.
A. It's managed by the state
Education is controlled and managed by the state
An appositive or appositive phrase is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it.
For example:
"The insect, a cockroach, crawled across the table"
Therefore the only answer can be the first option.