Question

Sometimes the spinal cord can be damaged in an accident. Depending on the location and severity of the injury paralysis may occur. Define the following:
a. Monoplegia:
b. Paraplegia:
c. Hemiplegia:
d. Quadriplegia

Answer 1

Answer:

see below

Explanation:

Monoplegia

Monoplegia is the paralysis of one part of the body, generally one limb. People suffering monoplegia generally preserve control of the rest of the body, but are unable to move or feel sensations in the damaged limb.

The main cause for this is a cerebral palsy, and other common causes are: nerve damages either from injurie or diseases,

Hemiplegia

Hemiplegia affecting an arm and a leg on the same side of the body, and similarly with monoplegia, a common cause is cerebral palsy. With hemiplegia, the degree of paralysis varies from person to person, and may change over time. Hemiplegia often begins with a sensation of pins and needles, progresses to muscle weakness, and escalates to complete paralysis. However, many people with hemiplegia find that their degree of functioning varies from day to day, and depending on their overall health, activity level, and other factors.

Paraplegia

Paraplegia refers to paralysis below the waist, and usually affects both legs, the hips, and other functions, such as sexuality and elimination. Though stereotypes of paraplegia hold that people with this condition cannot walk, move their legs, or feel anything below the waist, the reality of paraplegia varies from person to person—and sometimes, from day to day.

Thus paraplegia refers to substantial impairment in functioning and movement, not necessarily a permanent and total paralysis. Rarely, people with paraplegia spontaneously recover. This may be due to brain or spinal cord functions that are not yet understood, such as regeneration of neurons. More typically, paraplegics are able to regain some functioning with physical therapy, which works to retrain the brain and spinal cord to work around limitations while strengthening muscles and nerve connections.

Quadriplegia

Quadriplegia, which is often referred to as tetraplegia, is paralysis below the neck. All four limbs, as well as the torso, are typically affected. As with paraplegia, though, the degree of disability and loss of function may vary from person to person, and even from moment to moment. Likewise, some quadriplegics spontaneously regain some or all functioning, while others slowly retrain their brains and bodies through dedicated physical therapy and exercise.