Answer:
The answer is W. chloroform-chloroform and acetone-acetone interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions. This is because the bond between acetone-acetone is a dipole-dipole interactions and chloroform-chloroform dipole-dipole compared to the weaker hydrogen-bonding between acetone-chloroform.
It turns out that this hydrogen-bonding happens to be stronger the original dipole-dipole forces, so this shows NEGATIVE DEVIATION from Raoult's law.
The answer is NO. This is because different environments require different adaptations. A desirable trait in one environment may be inconsequential or detrimental in another environment. This is the reason also why evolution is continuous as natural selection acts on traits of a population to ensure desirable traits are retained with changes in the environment in a dynamic world.
Answer:
Exosomes as Therapeutic Target
Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.
Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles
Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.
There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm
Miss Philadelphia. The part of the root that contains transport tubes is the root hair. The primary role of the root hair is to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
Answer:
from the splitting of water molecule.
Explanation:
The splitting of water molecules by sunlight is called Photolysis. This is the first reaction in photosynthesis; which occurs by catalysis of enzymes of Photo system 11.
It involves the splitting of water molecules into;
hydrogen ion/protons.
Oxygen
and electron.
<u> Oxygen is the by product liberated into the atmosphere, for animals to inhale for the process of cellular respiration</u><u>.</u>This is the source of oxygen fro cellular respiration in animals.
the hydrogen ions combined with electrons from photosystem 1 to reduce NADP .The latter is used to reduce C02 to form carbohydrate in light independent reaction
