The process that occurs in a cell when there is not enough oxygen
is called fermentation. Fermentation occurs through the process of Anaerobic Respiration,
where instead of using oxygen, organic and inorganic molecules are used as
final electron acceptors. The by-product of this process is usually alcohol,
ethanol, or acetic acids.
<span>
Fermentation is commonly used in lactic acid (in muscles) and alcohol (beers,
whiskey) fermentation where the by-product is ethanol. Yeasts are a common
organism that uses this process, where it convert sugars into alcohols or
acetic acids.</span>
1. Answer;
-secondary structure;
Explanation;
Protein secondary structure refers to regular, repeated patterns of folding of the protein backbone. The two most common folding patterns are the alpha helix and the beta sheet. In an alpha helix, the polypeptide backbone coils around an imaginary helix axis in clockwise direction. In the beta sheet secondary structure, the polypeptide backbone is nearly fully extended. The R-groups are alternately pointed above and then below the extended backbone.
2. Answer;
- Quaternary structure
Explanation;
-Many proteins are formed from more than one polypeptide chain. The Quaternary structure describes the way in which the different subunits are packed together to form the overall structure of the protein. For example, the human hemoglobin molecule shown below is made of four subunits.
3. Answer;
-Tertiary structure
Explanation;
Tertiary structure refers to the overall folding of the entire polypeptide chain into a specific 3D shape. The tertiary structure of enzymes is often a compact, globular shape.
The tertiary structure is the structure at which polypeptide chains become functional. At this level, every protein has a specific three-dimensional shape and presents functional groups on its outer surface, allowing it to interact with other molecules, and giving it its unique function.
4. Answer;
Primary structure
Explanation;
-It is the simplest level of protein structure and is simply a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. For example, the hormone insulin has two polypeptide chains, A and B. Each chain has its own set of amino acids, assembled in a particular order. For instance, the sequence of the A chain starts with glycine at the N-terminus and ends with asparagine at the C-terminus, and is different from the sequence of the B chain.
If one strand of DNA has 24% T, it would have 26% G.
Answer:
D-DNA molecule
Explanation:
The process of copying the sequence of DNA nucleotide sequences to the mRNA is called Transcriptions. It is the first stage in gene expression for protein synthesis, and<u> it involves the unwinding of the DNA double strands molecules by enzyme</u><u> </u>DNA Helicase into two free strands,(by melting the hydrogen bonds between organic bases), a process initiated by the binding of enzymes RNA Polymerase to the promoter sites on the DNA template; the alignment of the mRNA nucleotides on the single DNA template strands in 3'-5 direction; the formation of hydrogen bonds between the organic bases of the template DNA and that of the messenger RNA single strands,( and phosphodiesterbonds within RNA nucleotide ), to form DNA-RNA complex.
The copying is done in complimentary anti parallel fashion;5'-3' prime. direction.
The hydrogen bonds, between the bases DNA-RNA complexes breaks,and the releases the mRNA which exists through the nuclear pores.Thus this <u>leads to copying of the the coded messages as seqeunce of DNA , from the DNA to the mRNA for gene expressions.</u>
