To restrict the ability of African Americans to exercise voting rights.
The black community had less access to education than whites even after slavery was ended; thus their literacy rates were lower. They also experienced much poverty because of prejudice against them in the economic system of the country, so poll taxes could keep them from going to the polls to vote. The "grandfather clauses" were exemptions granted by some states to those whose forefathers ("grandfathers") had full voting rights prior to the Civil War, so if there were poor or illiterate whites, they could vote freely while blacks (whose ancestors had been slaves) were subjected to the laws restricting their voting ability.
These sorts of restrictions against black voters prompted much of the activism of the civil rights movement that began in the middle of the 20th century.
For question one, its the first answer
and for question two its the last answer
After the French revolution, the French economy was in ruins.<span> The Directory </span><span>failed to restore stability took effective steps to control the money supply overpowered the revolutionaries </span>.<span> Napoleon took advantage of this situation by </span><span>executing the ruler of France terminating the French legislative councils appointing himself as the Emperor of France </span><span>in a coup.
</span>
Well there could be problems with food, and if there is a sickness, or a desater, like flooding around you could not move on. Also the population can reduce food, and water.
