Answer:
Presentó una fuerte ruptura con los términos y estándares académicos, haciendo la literatura más accesible, utilizando un lenguaje simple, presentando la realidad social y presentando la realidad social de su región.
Explanation:
Juan Antonio Pérez-Bonalde Pereira fue un escritor y traductor venezolano, acreditado como precursor del modernismo.
Bonalde fue un gran crítico de las causas sociales de su país y esta es una de las mayores características de los artistas premodernos, quienes alentaron la crítica de los problemas sociales y económicos. Además de estas características, Bonalde escribió de manera popular e inclusiva, utilizando un lenguaje sencillo y directo, sin términos académicos. Todo esto es para hacer la lectura más accesible, especialmente para aquellos que no tenían condiciones económicas.
White examines the "middle ground" as both a place (the pays d'en haut of the Great Lakes region between 1650-1815) and a process of mutual accommodation between Algonquian-speaking Indians and French, British, and Americans. The middle ground consisted of creative misunderstandings in which Indians and Europeans attempted to build a set of mutually understandable practices. Several conditions are necessary for a middle ground process: a nonfunctioning or weak state authority, a relatively evenly-balanced distribution of power between peoples, the inability of one side to effectively use force over the other, and the need or desire to interact with one another (such as for trade goods). Both sides then try to engage in practices that the other side might find intelligible, such as European leaders consciously taking on the role of a patriarch that distributes gifts, mediates conflicts, and "covers" violent deaths. Indians, meanwhile, began participating in a market economy, compromised on legal punishments, and submitted to a limited degree to European oversight. The middle ground took place on both formal diplomatic levels (European powers budgeting for gift-giving) and the more everyday scale of individual interactions (sex and violence). People on both sides tried to justify their actions in terms of what they THOUGHT the other side's cultural framework to be (creative misunderstandings). Perhaps the best example is that of how they treated homicide, with both sides compromising - Europeans would sometimes cover the dead, while Indians would sometimes allow for individual perpetrators to be punished.
The narrative arc of The Middle Ground begins with a story of refugees, as Algonquian-speaking Indians flee northward from brutal warfare at the hands of the Iroquois during the 1640s-1660s. This places them in the orbit of French traders and missionaries and allow for the middle ground to flourish. The first half of the eighteenth century was a golden age for the middle ground, as Algonquians developed a relationship with Onontio (the title for a French governor) in which he was expected to act as a father in disbursing gifts and mediating conflicts. During this period the fur trade became deeply entangled with gift-giving, representing a hybrid form of exchange that was necessary for the system to function for both sides. During the 1740s and 1750s the French-Algonquian alliance began to weaken with increased competition from British. White drives home the point that in the pays d'en haut local, village politics were inseparable from imperial politics - instead of a hierarchical system of competing nation-states, the world of the middle ground took place between village alliances, intermarriages, and the decisions of specific chiefs that ended up reverberating across imperial politics.
Answer:
The Mazama ash is an example of a marker bed.
Explanation:
Marker beds are distinct strata that are found in other sites in the same region. They can give evidence to age of sediments in a new site if they’ve been assigned a date in other sites. The Mazama ash is consisted of fragments that were ejected into the air by a volcanic eruption of the Mount Mazama, from Oregon Cascades. It blew up 6900 years ago and the ashes were carried by the wind. When the ash settled, it created a marker bed.