Answer:
Explanation:
A fall in temperature can also adversely affect cell and cell membranes. At low temperatures, the phospholipids' fatty acid tails are moving less and stiffer. This reduces the membrane's overall fluidity as well as reduces its permeability and perhaps limits the entry into the cells of vital chemicals like oxygen and glucose. Also, low temperatures can impede cell development by preventing cell size expansion.
In severe cases, such long term exposure to sub-freezing temperatures, fluid in the cell can start solidifying and can form crystals that breach the membrane and destroy the cell.
Answer:
The limitation of phylogenetic species concept is b. Evolutionary histories are not known for all species.
Explanation:
The species that share a common ancestor and have similar traits and functions are grouped together as a result of the phylogenetic species concept. The phylogenetic species concept shows a unique evolutionary history of one organism with another of the same group. The major set back in the phylogenetic species concept is the lack of evolutionary histories for certain species. So, these organisms cannot be grouped according to the phylogenetic species concept.
It is usually acetic acid that nature likes to make lipids out of.
Scientists worked backwards by looking into the amino acid sequence to determine the DNA base. They started with the mRNA which transcribes the codon into respective amino acids. This human gene is found on top of chromosome 11 in human DNA.
