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Elza [17]
2 years ago
14

A Chlorella cell viewed through a microscope is 0.00005 m wide when the magnification is 2000.

Biology
1 answer:
juin [17]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

0.0025micrometer.

Explanation:

To calculate the actual size of the image, the formula to be used is

Actual size=Image size÷magnification.

The image size is 0.00005 wide

Magnification is 2000

First, convert the image size to micrometer.

=0.00005 × 1000000

50micrometers.

Actual size= 50÷2000

Actual size = 0.0025

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How much of Earth's water is located in the oceans?<br> O A. 70%<br> OB. 80%<br> C. 55%<br> D. 95%
ANTONII [103]

Answer:

D. 95%

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
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An annual mustard plant survives only one month during which it produces 50 flowers. each flower produces a fruit containing 20
V125BC [204]

Answer:

Replacement rate

Explanation:

In biology, replacement level or replacement rate refers to the amount number of offspring required to be produced to keep the level of population at a stable state without causing it to much decease.

Scientists use the replacement rate of plant and animal specie to assess the rate at which the population is reproducing at a stable level or are at some threshold zone and need to be taken care of.

Here in question, we see that some specific properties of mustard plants are focused that, plant survives only one month during which it produces 50 flowers. each flower produces a fruit containing 20 seeds.

It clearly do not depicts the population size of mustard plant, or niche or fitness, it just describe the replacement rate that how many offspring does mustard plant produce to keep its population at a stable or steady state without being getting into a danger of extinction.

Hope it help!

6 0
3 years ago
If mrna codons are aug, ggu and cag, what three codons of trna will attach?
Artemon [7]

Source : Net

* it signals the start of translation  

* it codes for the incorporation of the amino acid methionine (Met) into the growing polypeptide chain  

The genetic code can be expressed as either RNA codons or DNA codons. RNA codons occur in messenger RNA (mRNA) and are the codons that are actually "read" during the synthesis of polypeptides (the process called translation). But each mRNA molecule acquires its sequence of nucleotides by transcription from the corresponding gene. Because DNA sequencing has become so rapid and because most genes are now being discovered at the level of DNA before they are discovered as mRNA or as a protein product, it is extremely useful to have a table of codons expressed as DNA. So here are both.  

Note that for each table, the left-hand column gives the first nucleotide of the codon, the 4 middle columns give the second nucleotide, and the last column gives the third nucleotide.  

The RNA Codons  

Second nucleotide U C A G  

U UUU Phenylalanine (Phe) UCU Serine (Ser) UAU Tyrosine (Tyr) UGU Cysteine (Cys) U  

UUC Phe UCC Ser UAC Tyr UGC Cys C  

UUA Leucine (Leu) UCA Ser UAA STOP UGA STOP A  

UUG Leu UCG Ser UAG STOP UGG Tryptophan (Trp) G  

C CUU Leucine (Leu) CCU Proline (Pro) CAU Histidine (His) CGU Arginine (Arg) U  

CUC Leu CCC Pro CAC His CGC Arg C  

CUA Leu CCA Pro CAA Glutamine (Gln) CGA Arg A  

CUG Leu CCG Pro CAG Gln CGG Arg G  

A AUU Isoleucine (Ile) ACU Threonine (Thr) AAU Asparagine (Asn) AGU Serine (Ser) U  

AUC Ile ACC Thr AAC Asn AGC Ser C  

AUA Ile ACA Thr AAA Lysine (Lys) AGA Arginine (Arg) A  

AUG Methionine (Met) or START ACG Thr AAG Lys AGG Arg G  

G GUU Valine Val GCU Alanine (Ala) GAU Aspartic acid (Asp) GGU Glycine (Gly) U  

GUC (Val) GCC Ala GAC Asp GGC Gly C  

GUA Val GCA Ala GAA Glutamic acid (Glu) GGA Gly A  

GUG Val GCG Ala GAG Glu GGG Gly G  

The DNA Codons  

These are the codons as they are read on the sense (5' to 3') strand of DNA. Except that the nucleotide thymidine (T) is found in place of uridine (U), they read the same as RNA codons. However, mRNA is actually synthesized using the antisense strand of DNA (3' to 5') as the template. [Discussion]  

This table could well be called the Rosetta Stone of life.  

The Genetic Code (DNA)  

TTT Phe TCT Ser TAT Tyr TGT Cys  

TTC Phe TCC Ser TAC Tyr TGC Cys  

TTA Leu TCA Ser TAA STOP TGA STOP  

TTG Leu TCG Ser TAG STOP TGG Trp  

CTT Leu CCT Pro CAT His CGT Arg  

CTC Leu CCC Pro CAC His CGC Arg  

CTA Leu CCA Pro CAA Gln CGA Arg  

CTG Leu CCG Pro CAG Gln CGG Arg  

ATT Ile ACT Thr AAT Asn AGT Ser  

ATC Ile ACC Thr AAC Asn AGC Ser  

ATA Ile ACA Thr AAA Lys AGA Arg  

ATG Met* ACG Thr AAG Lys AGG Arg  

GTT Val GCT Ala GAT Asp GGT Gly  

GTC Val GCC Ala GAC Asp GGC Gly  

GTA Val GCA Ala GAA Glu GGA Gly  

GTG Val GCG Ala GAG Glu GGG Gly  

*When within gene; at beginning of gene, ATG signals start of translation.  

Codon Bias  

All but two of the amino acids (Met and Trp) can be encoded by from 2 to 6 different codons. However, the genome of most organisms reveals that certain codons are preferred over others. In humans, for example, alanine is encoded by GCC four times as often as by GCG. Why should this be? The answer is uncertain but probably reflects a greater translation efficiency by the translation apparatus (e.g., ribosomes) for certain codons over their synonyms.  

Codon bias even extends to pairs of codons: wherever a human protein contains the amino acids Ala-Glu, the gene encoding those amino acids is seven times as likely to use the codons GCAGAG rather than the synonymous GCCGAA.  

Codon bias is exploited by the biotechnology industry to improve the yield of the desired product. The ability to manipulate codon bias may also usher in a era of safer vaccines. Link to a discussion.  

Exceptions to the Code  

The genetic code is almost universal. The same codons are assigned to the same amino acids and to the same START and STOP signals in the vast majority of genes in animals, plants, and microorganisms. However, some exceptions have been found. Most of these involve assigning one or two of the three STOP codons to an amino acid instead.  

Mitochondrial genes  

When mitochondrial mRNA from animals or microorganisms (but not from plants) is placed in a test tube with the cytosolic protein-synthesizing machinery (amino acids, enzymes, tRNAs, ribosomes) it fails to be translated into a protein.  

The reason: these mitochondria use UGA to encode tryptophan (Trp) rather than as a chain terminator. When translated by cytosolic machinery, synthesis stops where Trp should have been inserted.  

In addition, most  

* animal mitochondria use AUA for methionine not isoleucine and  

* all vertebrate mitochondria use AGA and AGG as chain terminators.  

* Yeast mitochondria assign all codons beginning with CU to threonine instead of leucine (which is still encoded by UUA and UUG as it is in cytosolic mRNA).

3 0
3 years ago
HELPPPPPP QUICK please!
denpristay [2]

HI~ I hope this helps

(these answers were hand-written meaning I did not copy and paste so, feel free to use the answers freely)

1.

When ecosystems change rapidly the fundamental environmental cycles such as the circulation of water, carbon and nutrients can change as ecosystems depend on them. The usage of factors such as freshwater, carbon dioxide emissions and fertilizer provides a large benefit to humas therefore meaning, that large and rapid changes to an ecosystem could also effect the things we as humans rely on.

2.  

Complex organic matter is broken down by decomposers into carbon dioxide, water etc. The ecosystem is affected based upon the fact that the decomposition of organic matter that is produced by plants, animals and soil organisms is an important process which affects the different important ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration.

3. (could have two answers- I recommend the second)

Adaptation- due to the mutation process which results in changes in the structure and function of organisms, these ecosystems would be different as well as unique. The organisms which possesses the traits needed to adapt could then survive as its unique characteristics due to mutation would provide a strong ability

Rise in temperature- If the temperature located on earth was to rise, organisms would have a higher living rate as bacterial life flourishes in warmer temperatures and dies out in colder ones.

4.

~The rapid change of increased food production provides better life sustainability to those living in the ecosystem.

~The rapid change in a large increasing number of organisms could be helpful as they often live of off one another.

5.

~Rapid growth of things such as phytoplankton which cause dead zones are harmful to the ecosystem. Dead zones create zones where too much oxygen is consumed resulting in areas where plants and sea life can no longer survive.

~Whereas the rapid increase of organisms could also be harmful to an ecosystem as the possibility of the organism outnumbering the food sources could become prominent.

8 0
2 years ago
Muscle tissues are characterized by the presence of elongated cells, often called ____________ , that can contract to create mov
PtichkaEL [24]

Answer:

1. Muscle Fibers

2. Bones

3. Joints

Explanation:

Muscle tissue is made of muscle fibers. The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called sarcolemma while its cytoplasm is known as sarcoplasm. Muscle cells are characterized by the presence of specialized endoplasmic reticulum which is called sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Muscle cells exhibit contractility and extensibility. The ability of muscle cells to shorten their length forcibly in response to a stimulus is their contractility. Muscle fibers have the ability to extend and shorten themselves.

Extension and contraction of muscle fibers are responsible for the movement of the human body and its parts.

Muscles are attached to bones via tendons which in turn are the fibrous connective tissues. Muscles are also part of our joints where they assist in the movement by pulling the bones as well as stabilize and strengthen the joints.

7 0
3 years ago
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