Loss of follow-up is a problem in most cohort studies and often introduces bias. It is a situation in which a researcher loses contact with a subject, resulting in missing data. Too many subjects failing follow-up diminish the internal validity of the study.
<h3>What is follow-up loss in cohort studies? </h3>
- Follow-up loss introduces bias (observed deviation of relevant measures from what would have been observed without bias) if there is a difference in the likelihood of loss due to follow-up related to exposure status and outcome.
- In the clinical research trials industry, loss due to follow-up is defined as patients who were actively participating in a clinical research trial at some point but who lost themselves (due to errors in the computer tracking system or due to unavailability).
- In cohort studies: 1) Imaging outcome, is loss of follow-up. 2) These are essentially prospective studies, so confounding factors are not an issue. 3) These studies help examine multiple outcomes from a single, infrequent exposure. 4) These are usually faster and cheaper than case-control studies.
<h3>What are advantage and disadvantages of cohort studies?</h3>
- In general, the main advantage of cohort studies is the ability to study multiple exposures and multiple endpoints in a single cohort. This recording allows you to select index groups, so you can explore rare recordings.
- A major weakness of cohort studies is that this type of study design can be time consuming and expensive for results that are rare or evolve over long periods of time. It's a question of research.
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A. David Livingstone
He was the one who tried to abolish the slave trade.
~JZ
Hope it helps
The correct answer is B. The Court outlawed de jure segregation.
Explanation:
Brown v. Board of Education was a legal case in 1954, in this, Oliver Brown and other African American parents sued the Board of Education for the segregation in schools as African-American children had to attend school at a different building than other children. This situation was common by then and it was part of the de jure segregation or the segregation supported by law as before the Brown v. Board of Education case segregation was allow if the services provided were equal. However, with the Brwon v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court established this segregation was unconstitutional and therefore it outlawed de jure segregation.
Answer:
The law did not pass a judicial review.
Explanation:
Supreme court has the power to conduct a judicial review every time the congress proposed for a new legislation.
During the review, the supreme court will carefully examine every content of the proposed legislations. If any part of the contents violated the rules written within the constitution, that legislations would be considered as "unconstitutional" and need to undergone a revision before it can be passed.
the internal validity is still manipulated by the researcher and the DV is measured.
The DV is a variable that is being measured/observed, whereas the IV is a variable that is altered to see how it impacts something else. The term "dependent" refers to the idea that the IV will have an impact on the DV.
<h3>What parallels exist between studies conducted in a lab and those conducted in the field?</h3>
Since experiments are the only way to reliably establish causality, laboratory and field experiments are comparable in that they are both helpful in determining cause and effect. Furthermore, because there is a high level of control over confounding variables, the two experiment designs have the potential to have high internal validity.
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