Valéry argues that Europe’s intellectual crisis is caused by the horrors of wartime and the awareness that civilization could die out and also the future could be worse than the past. The horrors of the Nazi invasions and occupations of European countries and atrocities they committed against the populace and disregard for culture and science prompted this thinking.
The answer to #4 is "By" because a preposition word is a word that procedes to a noun or a pronoun. Some examples are "after", "against", "before", "behind", "below", ect... In this case the preposition is "by" and it procedes to the words "royal proclamanation"
No because is Act 3 Scene 3 macbeth tells her not to worry he will take care of it himself
