5 climate types are: Hot, really hot, cold, freezing, and in between. One example of really hot is the desert, it is always hot there and sandy, it almost never rains so it is perfect for the lizards and other animals that live there. Cold is like a tundra, it is usually always cold, freezing is the arctic, where polar bears etc live. In between is like a meadow or field.
B, Gases. The gases create an insulation around the planet so it keeps in heat from heat sources.
A group of atoms bonded together
I'm sure nothing would happen.
