Answer:
a) 1.9
b) 3.25
c) 1.5
d) -5.25
Step-by-step explanation:
We are given the following in the data:
4, 7, -1, 1, 0, 5, -3, 2, -1, 6, 5, -2
a) Mean change score

b) standard deviation for this population
where
are data points,
is the mean and n is the number of observations.
Sum of differences = 126.92

c) median change score
Sorted data: -3, -2, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7

d) change score that is 2.2 standard deviations below the mean.
