Answer:
The java program is as follows.
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.lang.*;
public class Main
{
// string array to hold vowels
static String[] vowels = {"A", "E", "I", "O", "U"};
// variables declared
static String word;
static int vowel_count = 0;
static int consonant_count = 0;
static String ch;
static int len;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
// user asked to enter a string
System.out.print("Enter any string consisting of vowels and consonants: ");
word = sc.nextLine();
// length of string stored in a variable
len = word.length();
// enhanced for loop used
for(String v : vowels)
{
for(int n=0; n<len; n++)
{
// each character in user entered string is tested
ch = word.substring(n,n+1);
if(ch.equalsIgnoreCase(v))
vowel_count = vowel_count + 1;
}
}
// length of word minus number of vowels give the consonant count
consonant_count = len - vowel_count;
// number of vowels and consonants displayed
System.out.println("The string " + word + " has " + vowel_count + " vowels and " + consonant_count + " consonants.");
}
}
OUTPUT
Enter any string consisting of vowels and consonants: TESTING
The string TESTING has 2 vowels and 5 consonants.
Explanation:
1. The program has string variables to enable the usage of string functions.
2. The integer variables are declared to hold the count of vowels, the count of consonants and the length of the user entered string.
3. A string array is declared and initialized with vowels.
4. The string functions are used to compute length of the string, substring yields each character in the user inputted string.
5. Each character in the input string is compared with each of the vowels.
6. Outer enhanced for loop executes on the array holding vowels. Inner for loop executes for each character in the user input string and compares each character with each vowel from the outer enhanced for loop.
7. The program works irrespective of the case of the characters both in the array and in the user entered string.
