Answer:
Ribosomes are tiny organelles that contain RNA and specific proteins within the cytoplasm. Within the cell, ribosomes are directly involved in the manufacture of proteins by using their RNA and amino acids.
This process involves decoding the information contained in the mRNA and using amino acids to produce the required proteins.
Mitochondria are some of the largest organelles within a cell.
Compared to some of the other organelles, mitochondria contain DNA which makes them semiautonomous. Mitochondria also contain a double-membrane with the inner membrane folding to form cristae.
Also known as the powerhouse, mitochondria play an important role in respiration where they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from substrates in the presence of oxygen. Using their DNA, mitochondria are able to encode for some of the components they require to perform their functions.
The plasma membrane is the organelle that encapsulates the contents of the cell. Apart from encapsulating cell contents, the plasma membrane also plays a vital role in regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
As such, it is actively involved in such both passive and active transportation to and from the cell. These processes also help maintain balance even when conditions outside the cell change.
The plasma membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids (phospholipids bilayer).
Found in eukaryotic cells, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle that forms an interconnected network of flattened sacs (cisternae). Like some of the other organelles found in eukaryotes, ER is enclosed in a membrane. The ER is divided into two regions that vary in structure and function.
These include:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - The smooth ER is named so because it lacks a ribosome on its surface. As a result, it is more smooth in appearance as compared to the rough ER. It is involved in the synthesis of lipids (e.g. phospholipids) and carbohydrates that are used to build the cell membrane.
