Answer:
The answer to this question is given below in this explanation section.
Explanation:
"advantages of interconnecting air sacs for birds"
The air sacs permit a unidirectional flow of air through the lungs.Unidirectional flow means that air moving through birds lungs is largely fresh air and has a higher oxygen content.In contrast air flow is bidirectional in mammals moving back and forth into and out of the lungs.As a result air coming into a mammals lung is mixed with old air has less oxygen. so in bird lungs,more oxygen is available to diffuse into the blood(avian respiratory system).
- The air sacs are thin membrane structures connected to the primary or secondary bronchi via ostia and they comprise most of the volume of the respiratory system.
- Air sacs are poorly vascularized by the systemic circulation and do not directly participate in significant gas exchange but act as a bellows to ventilate the lungs.In most species,there are nine air sacs which can be considered in cranial and caudal functional groups.
- The cranial group consists of the paired cervical air sacs,the unpaired clavicular air sacs and the paired cranial thoracic air sacs.
Answer: High Specific Heat Of Water
Explanation:
Water’s high specific heat helps to maintain low temperature and protects fish life. This is due to the presence of hydrogen bonds in larger amount between water molecules. Of course, specific heat plays a role to capture more energy without rise in temperature.
When heat gets absorbed, water molecules move freely and hydrogen bond gets broken. If temperature decreases, release energy by forming hydrogen bond. Hence, it clearly shows that this water property can drastically change the temperature quickly which is important in protecting a fish in a shallow pond on a hot summer day.
Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non - covalent protein - protein interactions. The process of complex formation comprises of steps namely : ... An encounter complex is formed that either proceeds towards final complex or dissociates again.
