D because carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are apart of like everything
I think the end of the question is "g" not "c". To get the offspring wanted, there are two types of genotype, one is TTgg, the other one is Ttgg. The chance of getting TT or Tt is 1-(1/2)*(1/2)=3/4. The chance of getting gg is (1/2)*(1/2)=1/4. So the total chance is (3/4)*(1/4)=3/16.
I think it is NAD, this ensures that the NAD can go back to glycolysis where it can again be reduced and go back through anaerobic respiration.
Incubation stage is the stage where the prepares and begins a full on assault of your body.