A perspective is a point of view from which you decide to look at phenomena. Different authors looking at different events at different time periods decided to analyze them in different ways. The variety of perspectives that exists in sociology is a product of this diversity. There is no "correct" way to look at a social phenomenon. Instead, all perspectives are complementary and adequate, with some being better than others in particular situations, but none of them being perfect.
Health inequalities are unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population, and between different groups within society. Health inequalities arise because of the conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work and age