Answer: The shape of American government is based on the English political idea of... ... Government exists and functions only with the consent of the governed; people hold political power.
Explanation: Because The US government is based on ideas of limited government, including natural rights, popular sovereignty, republicanism, and social contract. Limited government is the belief that the government should have certain restrictions in order to protect the individual rights and civil liberties of citizens. 
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The federal courts' authority is set by Congress. However, in some circumstances, the Supreme Court is given original jurisdiction by the Constitution, a power that cannot be revoked by Congress, as in the instance of a dispute between two or more U.S. states.
The federal court system is endowed with judicial authority by Article III of the Constitution of the United States. Article III, Section 1 expressly establishes the U.S. Supreme Court and grants Congress the power to establish the subordinate federal courts.
The federal courts' size and organization are largely under Congress' jurisdiction under the Constitution, and over the first century of the Republic, Congress passed many laws that altered the size of the Supreme Court.
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Answer:
1, 4 & 6 are likely to be correct
Explanation:
1 When the target group is American adults, who very often have landline telephones and cellphones, it can be argued that including them will be more accurate.
4 This may be true; I can imagine that there are people, socioeconomically different, who don´t have (access to) landline phones.
6. Birthday doesn´t have anything to do with age, as suggested in nr. 5 and nr. 7. Birthyear does. The selection of most recent birthday in a household is a good way of selecting at random. 
2, 3 and 8 are statements that don´t have any scientifical reasoning.