I believe the correct answer is D. <span>ears pinned back, eyes averted or lowered, and lips pulled back and down.
When dogs are afraid, their ears are lowered to show fear because of something they may have done wrong. They are also scared or embarrassed to look at their owner because they know they will receive some sort of punishment. Their tail is also usually tucked between their legs to show they are afraid.
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Answer:
The water soluble hormones affect the target cells with least amount of interaction.
Explanation:
Hormones are the chemical messengers. These are the substances secreted by the endocrine glands. The hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream and are carried to the target cells within the blood only.
Based on their structure, hormones are water-soluble or lipid-soluble. The lipid-soluble hormones are steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. These hormones can easily pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane of the target cell. Therefore, the lipid-soluble hormones have intracellular receptors that are present in either cytoplasm or the nucleus of the target cells.
On the other hand, the water-soluble hormones can not pass through the lipid bilayer of the target cells. Therefore, these hormones have extracellular receptors on the surface of the target cells. Binding of the water-soluble hormones to their cell surface receptors triggers the production of the intracellular second messengers that finally carry the signal to the target protein or any other target molecule.
<u>Therefore, a water-soluble hormone exhibits the least amount of interaction with the target cell. Amine hormones such as epinephrine and melatonin, peptide hormones such as oxytocin are some examples of the water-soluble hormones. </u>
The primary consumers ( herbivores ) feed directly on producers. The secondary consumers ( carnivores ) feed on the primary consumers and the tertiary consumers feed on the secondary consumers.
The secondary consumers would increase as the tertiary consumers would not be present. Finally, as a result, a number of the primary consumers would decrease.
Viruses can’t survive without a host, they have to attach to a cell, unlike bacteria. Viruses are tinier than bacteria.
