Each person has a unique DNA profile. To determine paternity, only a very limited amount of tissue is used to match the DNA profile of the potential father to that of the child. The genetic test performed to determine whether a tissue sample belongs to a specific suspect needs a more extended tissue sample.
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Mycorrhizae are associations between fungi and the roots of plants, where the Fungi provides minerals to the plant. It enabled plants and fungi to be the first organisms to invade land successfully 430 million years ago. In most cases the relationship between host plants and the mycorrhizal fungus is mutualistic, or mutually beneficial. The Mycorrhizal fungi come into direct contact with plant roots and with the soil, adding to the plants ability to gather nutrients and water from the soil through the fungus.
Genetic information from DNA to RNA is called transcription which involves the enzyme RNA polymerase. The DNA is read from 3' to 5' in direction and produces an mRNA (messenger RNA) which contains the genetic data from the DNA. This mRNA strand is further processed in the nucleus (capping and adding a poly-A tail) before being transported to the cytoplasm.
The information contained in mRNA is used to make a polypeptide chain is called translation. This involves the use of ribosomes in the cytoplasm which attach themselves to the mRNA strand then using tRNA (transfer RNA) to add amino acids to the elongating polypeptide depending on the codon in the mRNA.
