Answer:
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Explanation:
The basic theory illustrated in (Figure) is that, because of the existence of fixed costs in most production processes, in the first stages of production and subsequent sale of the products, the company will realize a loss. For example, assume that in an extreme case the company has fixed costs of ?20,000, a sales price of ?400 per unit and variable costs of ?250 per unit, and it sells no units. It would realize a loss of ?20,000 (the fixed costs) since it recognized no revenue or variable costs. This loss explains why the company’s cost graph recognized costs (in this example, ?20,000) even though there were no sales. If it subsequently sells units, the loss would be reduced by ?150 (the contribution margin) for each unit sold. This relationship will be continued until we reach the break-even point, where total revenue equals total costs. Once we reach the break-even point for each unit sold the company will realize an increase in profits of ?150.
For each additional unit sold, the loss typically is lessened until it reaches the break-even point. At this stage, the company is theoretically realizing neither a profit nor a loss. After the next sale beyond the break-even point, the company will begin to make a profit, and the profit will continue to increase as more units are sold. While there are exceptions and complications that could be incorporated, these are the general guidelines for break-even analysis.
As you can imagine, the concept of the break-even point applies to every business endeavor—manufacturing, retail, and service. Because of its universal applicability, it is a critical concept to managers, business owners, and accountants. When a company first starts out, it is important for the owners to know when their sales will be sufficient
Answer:
Identification of the Internal Control Weaknesses:
A. There is no segregation of duties and there is lack of access control. Jerry Miller as a security guard is not expected to have a master key to the cash box. With this he can pilfer the cash. If he prepares the report that shows the number of cars that parked on the lot, he is not supposed to also prepare the day's cash receipts. Otherwise, he can state any number of cars as parked that he likes, and which corresponds to the cash he might leave in the Cash box since he also has a master key.
B. There is no segregation of duties and there is lack of supervision, proper reconciliations, and assets audit. Sharon Fisher handles purchase transactions from the beginning to the close all alone with a third party. This exposes the company to procurement frauds and collusion with suppliers. She can purchase assets for the company at prices that would enrich her personally.
C. Forming an audit opinion on the basis of ratio analysis of last year's comparative financial statements exposes the company to audit risks. While ratio analysis is part of the basis for forming audit opinions, it is surely not the first audit procedure to obtain audit evidence to support his audit opinion on the financial statements. An auditor is expected to obtain sufficient audit evidence and perform audit substantive tests of financial statement assertions. He or she is also expected to review the internal control system to ensure that it is operating effectively after establishing its existence and reviewing changes in internal controls.
Explanation:
Internal Controls are controls established by management in order to help it achieve business goals. There are many internal controls, including Separation of Duties, Access Controls
, Authorization and Approvals, Asset Audits, Reconciliations, and Data Backups. The purposes of internal controls are to establish the reliability of financial reporting, ensure timely feedback on the achievement of operational or strategic goals, and achieve compliance with financial management laws, and accounting regulations.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
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Answer:
Companies will move overseas to escape unions and hire cheaper labor.
