Answer:
The correct answer is C. A buildup of lactic acid in the tissues.
Sore muscles after vigorous exercise are the result of lactic acid accumulation in the muscles.
Vigorous exercise reduces the levels of oxygen available in the muscles due to which complete oxidation of the glucose could not take place.
Muscle cells switch to another process called as lactic acid fermentation to produce energy. In this process, lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into lactate and reduces NADH to NAD⁺.
This NAD⁺ enables the continuation of glycolysis which results in the production of net 2 ATP.
In addition, influx of materials such as nutrients, WBC, anti-inflammatory compounds etc into the muscle cell (for repair) causes swelling of the muscle fibers which is also the reason for the muscle soreness.
I believe the miRNAs control gene expression by binding to mRNAs and degrading them or blocking their translation. The microRNAs are short non coding RNAs which function to regulate the process of gene expression. They bind to the 3-UTR of the target mRNAs and repress the production of protein by destabilizing the mRNA and translational silencing.
Dna extration from a onion and from a cauliflower would be different because even though all DNA is composed by the same nucleotides (A, T, C and G), the sequence of their genes will be different. That difference is why a cauliflower doesn't look like a onion. The cauliflower has genes that, when expressed, make the organism look like cauliflower and nothing else..
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