Solar System[a] is the gravitationallybound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly,[b] including the eight planets and five dwarf planets as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets,[c]with the remainder being smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the moons—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.[d]
Solar System
The Sun and planets of the Solar System (distances not to scale)
Age4.568 billion yearsLocation
Local Interstellar Cloud, Local Bubble,
Orion–Cygnus Arm, Milky Way
System mass1.0014 Solar massesNearest star
Proxima Centauri (4.25ly)
Alpha Centauri (4.37 ly)
Nearest knownplanetary systemProxima Centaurisystem (4.25 ly)Semi-major axis of outer known planet (Neptune)30.10 AU (4.503 billion km)Distance to Kuiper cliff50 AU
Populations
Stars1 (Sun)Known planets
8 (Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune)
Known dwarf planets
Possibly several hundred;[1] five currently recognized by the IAU
(Ceres
Pluto
Haumea
Makemake
Eris)
Known natural satellites
525
(185 planetary[2]
347 minor planetary[3])
Known minor planets778,897 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]Known comets4,017 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]Identified rounded satellites19Invariable-to-galactic plane inclination60.19° (ecliptic)Distance to Galactic Center27,000 ± 1,000 lyOrbital speed220 km/sOrbital period225–250 MyrSpectral typeG2VFrost line≈5 AU[5]Distance to heliopause≈120 AUHill sphere radius≈1–3 ly
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years agofrom the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with the majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiterand Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.
Secondary succession happens more often because it occurs after some kind of distribution that still leaves the soil intact (mudslide,bulldozing,shoveling,or scraping off an area)
Autotroph is to producer as Hetrotroph is to consumer
Autotrophs make their own food, which makes them producers While Hetrotrophs cannot make their own food, and must obtain it from another source, making them consumers
The cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into 2 cells.
Or for APEX---->The chromosomes are duplicated or the cells prepare for mitosis
The cell prepares for mitosis.
Organelles are manufactured(apex)
