Solar System[a] is the gravitationallybound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly,[b] including the eight planets and five dwarf planets as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets,[c]with the remainder being smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the moons—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.[d]
Solar System
The Sun and planets of the Solar System (distances not to scale)
Age4.568 billion yearsLocation
Local Interstellar Cloud, Local Bubble,
Orion–Cygnus Arm, Milky Way
System mass1.0014 Solar massesNearest star
Proxima Centauri (4.25ly)
Alpha Centauri (4.37 ly)
Nearest knownplanetary systemProxima Centaurisystem (4.25 ly)Semi-major axis of outer known planet (Neptune)30.10 AU (4.503 billion km)Distance to Kuiper cliff50 AU
Populations
Stars1 (Sun)Known planets
8 (Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune)
Known dwarf planets
Possibly several hundred;[1] five currently recognized by the IAU
(Ceres
Pluto
Haumea
Makemake
Eris)
Known natural satellites
525
(185 planetary[2]
347 minor planetary[3])
Known minor planets778,897 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]Known comets4,017 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]Identified rounded satellites19Invariable-to-galactic plane inclination60.19° (ecliptic)Distance to Galactic Center27,000 ± 1,000 lyOrbital speed220 km/sOrbital period225–250 MyrSpectral typeG2VFrost line≈5 AU[5]Distance to heliopause≈120 AUHill sphere radius≈1–3 ly
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years agofrom the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with the majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiterand Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.
Soil composition would be best for availability of nutrients, water, and root development higher proportion of humus; lower amounts of clay and sand
Compared to the lower soil layers, the topsoil or surface soil often includes more organic matter and air but less clay. The topsoil typically has the highest concentration of plant roots and is more fertile than the other layers.
Nutrient management includes managing the composition of the soil. Minerals, organic material, water, and air are the fundamental elements of soil. Typically, 45% of the soil is made up of minerals. 5% organic material 20–30% water and 20–30% air are used. At best, these percentages are merely generalizations.
Numerous nutrients are found in soil, which are obtained from dead plants and animals. The plants eat these nutrients as nourishment. So soil contributes to the growth of plants by giving them sustenance in the form of nutrients.
When a bullet strikes, a characteristic ‘keyhole’ is formed—a defect that is circular at one end with tangential fractures radiating outwards in parallel, allowing the bone between them to lever out. So, in other words a major surgery is needed to get the bullet out. It is very risky as well
Competition is an ecological interaction in which two organisms interact with each other in order to obtain the same resource. The resource can be food, shelter, mate or other. The competition can be intraspecies which means the members of the same species compete for the resources. The competition can be interspecies which means members of the two distinct species compete for the same resource. Generally the competition leads to the decrease in growth, abundance and distribution of members of the inferior species and the members of the superior species derives the resources.
