Historians use primary sources like diaries, letters, speeches. And secondary sources like articles.
Option 1. i.e Was stronger than the first draft of the act is the right answer.
The Civil Rights Act 1964 was stronger than the first draft as it strengthened all the elements and provisions of the first draft of the act. In the end there was Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the compromise involved in letting disputes be heard in federal courts so that both sides could have a say.
He was a Republican politician.
If Congress decides to pass a law that increases minimum wage, this is an example of using an "implied" power, since it is not explicitly stated.
The origins of these acts go back to the constitution where the article 4 has a clause called the fugitive slave clause which orders states to deliver up fugitives from labor (euphemism for runaway slaves) when they are requested by slaveholders.
This clause was translated into the first 1793 statute which was basically a civil statute that was not well enforced according to the southern states, thus leading to the creation of the 1850 fugitive slave act.
The 1850 act was tougher than the previous one, punishing not only runaway slaves, but also people who harbored or aided slaves in any way, with civil and criminal penalties including up to 6 months imprisonment if caught and prosecuted successfully.
There were many documented cases of people being tortured and imprisoned in south because of helping fugitives.
These acts directly violated the democracy in several ways for example:
- Slavery had been abolished in many states of the US by the time these acts were created
- They were considered by many as some species of legalized kidnapping
- They encouraged illegal abduction or arrest and sale into slavery of free black men and women denying them the fair right to trial
One clear example would be the movie "Twelve years a slave" which depicts the documented case of Solomon Northup, a free black man who was sold as a slave without proof of him being one.
