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3 years ago

A relationship between two organisms benefit most organisms are called

1 answer:

8 0

In mutualism, both organisms benefit. In commensalism, one benefits and the other is unaffected; in parasitism, one benefits and the other is harmed. Some of these relationships are so close that we speak of the composite of two species as one unit; for example, we speak of the composite of algae and fungi as lichens

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What must occur for a glacier to grow

enyata [817]

I believer it will be water

4 0

4 years ago

What has to happen before mitosis begins?

Leokris [45]

Mitosis is simply a stage in a cells life cycle, which could be broken down further into stages of mitosis. The rest (so not mitosis) is know as Interphase and is where the cell does its normal function, so if it's the cell is in a region of muscle it would contract/relax as normal etc.

Immediately before mitosis (or M phase) is what's know as G2 phase, where the G stands for growth and is where particular gene pathways are expressed to promote growth of the volume of DNA (chromosomes are duplicated, so from 46 to 92). At the end of this stage is a checking process where the DNA is scrutinised for any errors, if all is okay then the cell can proceed to mitosis, if not then the process is stopped so that errors in copying the DNA can be fixed. This is know as a restriction point and the cell must meet the requirements to pass. This is often seen as a way cells can prevent damage being replicated and therefore interfering with normal cell processes. When cells are cancerous they are able to override this and therefore divide and spread the damaged DNA.

5 0

3 years ago

Determine the phenotypic ratios of the offspring. 9 yellow-inflated : 3 yellow-constricted : 3 green-inflated: 1 green-constrict

skad [1K]

From a cross between dihybrid individuals, whose diallelic genes code for one trait each, expressing complete dominance, the phenotypic ratio is B) 9 green-inflated : 3 green-constricted : 3 yellow-inflated :1 yellow-constricted.

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Since I do not have the cross, I will assume the cross involves two dihybrid individuals by looking at the options.

So, let us picture the situation,

Two diallelic genes code for one trait each, color and inflated/constricted pods.
G allele is the dominant and codes for green pods
g allele is recessive and codes for yellow pods
I is the dominant allele and codes for inflated pods
i is recessive and codes for constricted pods
These genes are not linked

1st Cross) Two h0m0zyg0us individuals

Parental) GGII x ggii

F1) 100% GgIi

2nd Cross) Selfcross between F1 individuals

Parentals) GgIi x GgIi

Gametes) GI, Gi, gI, gi

GI, Gi, gI, gi

Punnett square) GI Gi gI gi

GI GGII GGIi GgII GgIi

Gi GGIi GGii GgIi Ggii

gI GgII GgIi ggII ggIi

gi GgIi Ggii ggIi ggii

F2) Genotype

1/16 GGII
2/16 GGIi
1/16 GGii
2/16 GgII
4/16 GgIi
2/16 Ggii
1/16 ggII
2/16 ggIi
1/16 ggii

Phenotype

9/16 G-I- ⇒ Green and Inflated
3/16 G-ii ⇒ Green and constricted
3/16 ggI- ⇒ Yellow and inflated
1/16 ggii ⇒ Yellow and constricted

Phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1

Options

A) 9 yellow-inflated : 3 yellow-constricted : 3 green-inflated: 1 green-constricted ⇒ NOT CORRECT

B) 9 green-inflated : 3 green-constricted : 3 yellow-inflated : 1 yellow-constricted ⇒ CORRECT

C) 9 green-constricted : 3 green-inflated : 3 yellow-constricted : 1 yellow-inflated ⇒ NOT CORRECT

D) 9 yellow-constricted : 3 yellow-inflated : 3 green-constricted : 1 green-inflated ⇒ NOT CORRECT

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5 0

3 years ago

Penetration of the egg' zona pellucida by the sperm cell is a process driven by

Lina20 [59]

Penetration of the egg' zona pellucida by the sperm cell is a process driven by hydrolytic enzymes.

The critical step in fertilization is binding between sperm receptors and glycoproteins on the zona pellucida. This is the trigger for the acrosome reaction which includes an influx of CA and a rise in pH and cAMP levels within the sperm head. As a result, the plasma membrane of the sperm fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane and the exocytosis of the acrosomal vesicle occurs. Components of the acrosome, like hydrolytic enzymes, are released and they degrade the zona pellucida allowing the sperm to move inside.

6 0

3 years ago

Can someone please answer my last question?????

Stolb23 [73]

Sure what is it , where is it

3 0

3 years ago